Environmental Comfort in Promoting Sleep in Critically Ill Patients: A Scoping Review.

INTRODUCTION: It is important to understand the concept of comfort as a whole to build an assistance intervention plan that meets the person's needs. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and assess the person's sleep by considering the surrounding environment, to provide a comfortable environment that is quiet and provides privacy, especially in contexts of difficult management of environmental factors in the approach to the person in critical condition. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to map the nursing interventions that promote sleep-promoting environmental comfort in critically ill people and identify the instruments to assess sleep in critically ill people. METHODS: This is a scoping review based on the methodological strategy of the Joanna Briggs Institute for Scoping Reviews. The search was conducted on February 17 and 18, 2022, in the databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library Plus, PubMed, JBI Evidence Synthesis, SciELO, DANS Easy Archive, RCAAP, and DART-Europe using the Boolean phrase search strategy: "Hospital Emergency Service" OR "Critical Care" AND "Sleep" NOT "Children" AND Nurs*. We included all studies, conducted in any contextual setting, in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, on adult patients with acute and/or critical illness in intensive care and/or emergency units, which addressed nursing interventions that contribute to environmental comfort and promote sleep. Studies on pregnant or puerperal women, persons with psychiatric disorders, and those at the end of life or in palliative care were excluded. RESULTS: Twenty-one articles were included in this scoping review. Three categories of nursing interventions emerged: person centered (14 interventions), environment centered (37 interventions), and nurse role centered (45 interventions). Three categories of instruments for sleep assessment emerged, in particular: quality of sleep (12 instruments), environmental effects on a night's sleep (2 instruments), and influence on sleep practices in the intensive care unit (1 instrument). DISCUSSION: The use of instruments to monitor comfort and sleep allows for an accurate assessment of the impact of nurses' intervention focusing on sleep-promoting interventions aimed at comfort, for an improvement of sleep in critically ill patients. CONCLUSION: The interpretation of the content makes it clear that how critically ill patients in different contexts experience the environmental context positively or negatively conditions their comfort. In this sense, it is essential to reflect on these measures as a team so that everyone can apply them.

Wind instrumentalists' work-related vocal tract discomfort.

BACKGROUND: Wind instrumentalist use the vocal tract intensively in their professional activities, which can lead to the development work-related voice disorders. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the perception of vocal tract discomfort (VTD) by wind instrumentalists from Natal, Brazil. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with 117 professional musicians and music students from six official bands/orchestras in the city of Natal. Both the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale and a sample characterization questionnaire were applied. The Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test were applied in the statistical analysis of the variables. RESULTS: The most frequent and intense symptoms of VTD were sensitive throat and sore throat. There was a significant difference between the values of frequency and intensity of all symptoms both before and after playing the instrument. Dryness was the most intense symptom felt after playing the instrument. Musicians who report muscle pain and gastroesophageal reflux showed more VTD symptoms. CONCLUSION: Symptoms of VTD are experienced by wind instrumentalists and can be work-related since there was a difference in their perception after playing their instruments. There was also a relationship with gastroesophageal reflux and muscle pain, indicating that, in addition to collective issues, the individual musicians' health should be taken into account.

Vocal and Laryngeal Symptoms and Associated Factors in Wind Instrumentalists: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: This is a systematic literature review to identify vocal and laryngeal symptoms and associated factors in adult wind instrumentalists. METHOD: The authors performed a systematic review in the electronic databases Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and LILACS, gray literature, and manual search. There were no language or publication time limitations, as recommended by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. They also performed title and abstract analysis followed by full-text analysis, risk of bias assessment (Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies), and result synthesis. Two researchers conducted the research independently. RESULTS: Although six articles met the eligibility criteria, none of them fulfilled all the criteria for the methodological quality analysis. According to the six studies selected for this review, the main vocal symptoms in wind instrumentalists are dysphonia, altered vocal quality, hoarseness, and voice failures; and laryngeal symptoms are dryness, sore throat, throat irritation, throat clearing, discomfort, and tension. The associated factors identified for those symptoms were shorter working time, intense use of the instrument, and individual vocal issues. CONCLUSION: The several vocal and laryngeal symptoms found in wind instrumentalists in the selected studies were associated with individual factors (prior vocal alteration, inappropriate vocal habits) and organizational factors (working time, intense use, and instrument type and technique). Although wind instrumentalists' vocal health is recognized in the literature, and vocal and laryngeal symptoms are identified and associated with playing a musical instrument, broadening studies with precise methodologies and analyses is necessary.

Prevalence of hearing impairment and associated factors in school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic review / Prevalência de deficiência auditiva e fatores associados em adolescentes e crianças em idade escolar: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Introduction: Hearing impairment is one of the communication disorders of the 21st century, constituting a public health issue as it affects communication, academic success, and life quality of students. Most cases of hearing loss before 15 years of age are avoidable, and early detection can help prevent academic delays and minimize other consequences. Objective: This study researched scientific literature for the prevalence of hearing impairment in school-aged children and adolescents, with its associated factors. This was accomplished by asking the defining question: "What is the prevalence of hearing impairment and its associated factors in school-aged children and adolescents?" Methods: Research included the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus and SciELO, and was carried out by two researchers, independently. The selected papers were analyzed on the basis of the checklist provided by the report Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. Results: From the 463 papers analyzed, 26 fulfilled the criteria and were included in the review presented herein. The detection methods, as well as prevalence and associated factors, varied across studies. The prevalence reported by the studies varied between 0.88% and 46.70%. Otologic and non-otologic factors were associated with hearing impairment, such as middle ear and air passage infections, neo- and post-natal icterus, accumulation of cerumen, family history, suspicion of parents, use of earphones, age and income. Conclusion: There is heterogeneity regarding methodology, normality criteria, and prevalence and risk factors of studies about hearing loss in adolescents and school-aged children. Nevertheless, the relevance of the subject and the necessity of early interventions are unanimous across studies.

Resumo Introdução: A deficiência auditiva é um dos distúrbios de comunicação do século XXI, constitui um problema de saúde pública, pois afeta a comunicação, o sucesso acadêmico e a qualidade de vida dos estudantes. A maioria dos casos de perda auditiva antes dos 15 anos é evitável e a detecção precoce pode ajudar a evitar atrasos acadêmicos e minimizar outras consequências. Objetivo: Este estudo investigou a literatura científica sobre a prevalência da deficiência auditiva em crianças e adolescentes em idade escolar, com seus fatores associados. Isso foi feito através da questão norteadora: "Qual a prevalência da deficiência auditiva e seus fatores associados em crianças e adolescentes em idade escolar?" Método: A pesquisa compreendeu as bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus e SciELO e foi feita de forma independente por dois pesquisadores. Os artigos selecionados foram analisados com base na lista de verificação fornecida pelo relatório Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. Resultados: Dos 463 artigos analisados, 26 preencheram os critérios e foram incluídos na revisão aqui apresentada. Os métodos de detecção, assim como a prevalência e os fatores associados, variaram entre os estudos. A prevalência relatada pelos estudos variou entre 0,88% e 46,70%. Fatores otológicos e não otológicos foram associados à deficiência auditiva, como infecções da orelha média e das vias aéreas, icterícia neonatal e pós-natal, acúmulo de cerúmen, histórico familiar, suspeita dos pais, uso de fones de ouvido, idade e renda. Conclusão: Há heterogeneidade quanto à metodologia, aos critérios de normalidade e, consequentemente, à prevalência e aos fatores associados nos estudos sobre da perda auditiva em adolescentes e crianças em idade escolar. No entanto, a relevância do assunto e a necessidade de intervenções precoces são unânimes entre os estudos.

Prevalence of hearing impairment and associated factors in school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Hearing impairment is one of the communication disorders of the 21st century, constituting a public health issue as it affects communication, academic success, and life quality of students. Most cases of hearing loss before 15 years of age are avoidable, and early detection can help prevent academic delays and minimize other consequences. OBJECTIVE: This study researched scientific literature for the prevalence of hearing impairment in school-aged children and adolescents, with its associated factors. This was accomplished by asking the defining question: "What is the prevalence of hearing impairment and its associated factors in school-aged children and adolescents?" METHODS: Research included the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus and SciELO, and was carried out by two researchers, independently. The selected papers were analyzed on the basis of the checklist provided by the report Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. RESULTS: From the 463 papers analyzed, 26 fulfilled the criteria and were included in the review presented herein. The detection methods, as well as prevalence and associated factors, varied across studies. The prevalence reported by the studies varied between 0.88% and 46.70%. Otologic and non-otologic factors were associated with hearing impairment, such as middle ear and air passage infections, neo- and post-natal icterus, accumulation of cerumen, family history, suspicion of parents, use of earphones, age and income. CONCLUSION: There is heterogeneity regarding methodology, normality criteria, and prevalence and risk factors of studies about hearing loss in adolescents and school-aged children. Nevertheless, the relevance of the subject and the necessity of early interventions are unanimous across studies.

Desconforto do trato vocal relacionado à atividade laboral de músicos sopro instrumentais / Vocal tract discomfort related to the work activity of instrumental wind musicians

Objetivo: Este estudo objetiva verificar a percepção do desconforto do trato vocal associado às características laborais de músicos sopro instrumentistas da cidade do Natal-RN e ainda identificar a presença de sintomas vocais e laríngeos e fatores associados nestes profissionais, através de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura. Metodologia: A amostra foi composta por 117 músicos sopro instrumentistas, que responderam a um questionário de caracterização socioeconômico, demográfico e de condições e hábitos de saúde, além de preenchimento da Escala de desconforto do trato vocal (EDTV), antes e após a prática do instrumento. Como estudo secundário foi realizado também uma Revisão Sistemática nas bases de dados eletrônicas Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed e LILACS, literatura cinzenta bem como busca manual, sem limitação de data e idioma, conforme orientação do PRISMA. Resultados: Os dados primários indicam que os sintomas mais frequentes de DTV citados pelos músicos foram secura (53%), garganta irritada (35,9%) e garganta sensível (30,8%). De forma semelhante estes sintomas apresentaram maiores médias na EDTV antes e após a prática do instrumento, sendo o sintoma secura além de mais frequente o mais intenso. Os músicos com menos tempo de estudo do instrumento, que referem sentir dor muscular, ter refluxo gastroesofágico e alergias respiratórias apresentam um número maior de sintomas de DTV. No estudo secundário, os seis estudos selecionados para revisão sistemática, apontam como principais sintomas vocais nos músicos instrumentistas de sopro: disfonia, qualidade vocal alterada, rouquidão e falhas na voz - e sintomas laríngeos - secura, dor na garganta, garganta irritada, pigarro, desconforto e tensão. Os fatores associados identificados a esses sintomas foram o menor tempo de profissão, uso intenso do instrumento e questões vocais individuais. Conclusão: Os sintomas de desconforto do trato vocal estão presentes nos músicos sopro instrumentistas com frequência elevada. Ademais, os diversos sintomas vocais e laríngeos encontrados em músicos sopro instrumentistas nos estudos selecionados para a revisão sistemática estavam associados a fatores individuais (alteração vocal prévia, hábitos vocais inadequados) e organizacionais do trabalho (tempo de profissão, uso intenso, tipo e técnica do instrumento). Reforçamos também a necessidade de ações de educação em saúde para estes profissionais levando em consideração aspectos fisiológicos assim como condições laborais (AU).

Objective: This study aims to verify the perception of vocal tract discomfort associated with the working characteristics of wind instrumentalist musicians in the city of Natal-RN and to identify the presence of vocal and laryngeal symptoms and associated factors in these professionals. Methodology: The sample consisted of 117 wind instrumentalist musicians, who answered a questionnaire of socioeconomic characterization, demographic and health conditions and habits, as well as filling the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (EDTV). As a secondary study, a Systematic Review was also performed on the electronic databases Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and LILACS, gray literature as well as manual search, without limitation of date and language, as directed by PRISMA. Results: Primary data indicate that the most frequent DTV symptoms reported by the musicians were dryness (53%), irritated throat (35.9%) and sensitive throat (30.8%). Similarly, these symptoms presented higher averages in EDTV before and after the practice of the instrument, the dryness symptom being more frequent the more intense. Musicians with less time to study the instrument, who report muscle pain, gastroesophageal reflux, and respiratory allergies have a greater number of DTV symptoms. In the secondary study the six studies selected for systematic review, point out to the main vocal symptoms in wind instrumentalist: dysphonia, altered vocal quality, hoarseness and voice failures - laryngeal symptoms - dryness, sore throat, throat irritation, throat clearing, discomfort and tension. The associated factors identified to these symptoms were the shorter time of profession, intense use of the instrument and individual vocal issues. Conclusion: The symptoms of vocal tract discomfort are present in high frequency in wind instrumentalists musicians. In addition, the various vocal and laryngeal symptoms found in wind instrumentalists musicians in the selected studies for the systematic review were associated with individual factors (prior vocal alteration, inadequate vocal habits) and organizational factors of the work (time of profession, intense use, type and instrument technique). thematic aspects on vocal health of wind instrumentalists musicians are recognized in the literature and vocal and laryngeal symptoms are identified and associated with the instrument execution, there is a need to broaden the studies with precise methodologies and analyzes. We also reinforce the need for health education actions for these professionals taking into account physiological aspects as well as working conditions (AU).